Ukunciphisa umonakalo owenziwe zizinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo kwizityalo, sivelise inani elikhulu lezibulali zinambuzane ezahlukeneyo. Indlela yokusebenza kwezinambuzane ezahlukeneyo iyafana, ke ngoko sizikhetha njani ezizilungele ngokwenene izityalo zethu? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezinambuzane ezimbini ezineendlela ezifanayo zokwenza into: imidacloprid kunye thiamethoxam.
Singabalimi siqhelene kakhulu ne-imidacloprid, ke i-thiamethoxam yinkwenkwezi entsha yokubulala izinambuzane. Zithini iinzuzo zalo kwisizukulwana esidala?
01. Umahluko wohlalutyo lwe-imidacloprid kunye ne-thiamethoxam
Nangona ezi ndlela zimbini zisebenza ngokufanayo (zinokuthintela ngokukhethekileyo intsholongwane inkqubo ye-acetylcholinesterase receptor, ngokwenza njalo kuthintela ukuqhuba okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo ye-insect system, ebangela ukukhubazeka kunye nokufa kwezinambuzane), i-thiamethoxam ine-5 Inzuzo enkulu:
I-Thiamethoxam isebenza ngakumbi
Eyona nto iphambili kwimetabolite ye-thiamethoxam kwizinambuzane yi-clothianidin, enobudlelwane obuphezulu bezinambuzane ze-acetylcholine receptors kune-thiamethoxam, ke ngoko inomsebenzi ophezulu wokubulala izinambuzane;
Umsebenzi weemetabolites ze-hydroxylated ze-imidacloprid zancitshiswa.
I-Thiamethoxam inokunyibilika okuphezulu emanzini
Ubunyibilikisi be-thiamethoxam emanzini amaxesha angama-8 e-imidacloprid, ke nakwindawo eyomileyo, akuchaphazeli ukufunxwa nokusetyenziswa kwe-thiamethoxam yingqolowa.
Izifundo zibonise ukuba kumhlaba oqhelekileyo omanzi, i-thiamethoxam ibonisa ifuthe lolawulo olufanayo njenge-imidacloprid; kodwa kwimeko yembalela, ibaluleke kakhulu kune-imidacloprid.
Ukuxhathisa kwe-thiamethoxam esezantsi
Kuba i-imidacloprid ibisemarikeni phantse iminyaka engama-30, ukukhula kokuchasana nezinambuzane kuye kwanda kakhulu.
Ngokwengxelo, umoya omdaka wempukane, umqhaphu, kunye nengcongconi ye-chive larval ziye zaxhathisa.
Umngcipheko wokuchasana phakathi kwe-thiamethoxam kunye ne-imidacloprid kwizityalo ezimdaka ngebala, ii-aphids zomqhaphu nezinye izinambuzane ziphantsi kakhulu.
I-Thiamethoxam inokuphakamisa ukuxhathisa kwezityalo kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwesityalo
I-Thiamethoxam inesibonelelo sokuba ezinye izinto zokubulala izinambuzane azinakuthelekiswa, oko kukuthi, inefuthe lokukhuthaza iingcambu kunye nezithole ezomeleleyo.
Izifundo zibonise ukuba i-Thiamethoxam inokuvula iiprotein zokuxhathisa izityalo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ivelise i-auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, kunye ne-phenylalanine ammonia lyase kwizityalo. Ngenxa yoko, i-thiamethoxam emva koko yenza ukuba iziqu zezityalo kunye neengcambu zomelele ngakumbi kwaye zonyuse uxinzelelo kuxinzelelo.
I-Thiamethoxam ihlala ixesha elide
I-Thiamethoxam inomsebenzi oqinileyo wokuhambisa amagqabi kunye neepropathi zenkqubo yengcambu, kwaye iarhente inokukhawuleza kwaye ingene ngokupheleleyo.
Xa ifakwe emhlabeni okanye kwimbewu, i-thiamethoxam ifunxwa ngokukhawuleza ziingcambu okanye izithole ezisandula ukuntshula, ize ihanjiswe inyuswe iye kuwo onke amalungu omzimba wesityalo nge-xylem kumzimba wesityalo. Ihlala emzimbeni wesityalo ixesha elide kwaye yehle kancinci. Imveliso yokuthotywa kwe-clothianidin inomsebenzi ophezulu wokubulala izinambuzane, ke thiamethoxam inefuthe elide kune-imidacloprid.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-11-2021